Status, Key Results, Performance
By Axel van den Berg, Tom Willems, Graham Pye, and Wim de Wilde, Septentrio Satellite Navigation, Richard Morgan-Owen, Juan de Mateo, Simone Scarafia, and Martin Hollreiser, European Space Agency
A fully stand-alone, multi-frequency, multi-constellation receiver unit, the TUR-N can autonomously generate measurements, determine its position, and compute the Galileo safety-of-life integrity.
Development of a reference Galileo Test User Receiver (TUR) for the verification of the Galileo in-orbit validation (IOV) constellation, and as a demonstrator for multi-constellation applications, has culminated in the availability of the first units for experimentation and testing. The TUR-N covers a wide range of receiver configurations to demonstrate the future Galileo-only and GPS/Galileo combined services:
Galileo single- and dual-frequency Open Services (OS)
Galileo single- and dual-frequency safety-of-life services (SoL), including the full Galileo navigation warning algorithms
Galileo Commercial Service (CS), including tracking and decoding of the encrypted E6BC signal
GPS/SBAS/Galileo single- and dual- frequency multi-constellation positioning
Galileo single- and dual-frequency differential positioning.
Galileo triple-frequency RTK.
In parallel, a similar test user receiver is specifically developed to cover the Public Regulated service (TUR-P). Without the PRS components and firmware installed, the TUR-N is completely unclassified.
Main Receiver Unit
The TUR-N receiver is a fully stand-alone, multi-frequency, multi-constellation receiver unit. It can autonomously generate measurements, determine its position, and compute Galileo safety-of-life integrity, which is output in real time and/or stored internally in a compact proprietary binary data format.
The receiver configuration is fully flexible via a command line interface or using the dedicated graphical user interface (GUI) for monitoring and control. With the MCA GUI it is also possible to monitor the receiver operation (see Figure 1), to present various real-time visualizations of tracking, PVT and integrity performances, and off-line analysis and reprocessing functionalities. Figure 2 gives an example of the correlation peak plot for an E5 AltBOC signal.
FIGURE 1. TUR-N control screen.
FIGURE 2. E5 AltBOC correlation peak.
A predefined set of configurations that map onto the different configurations as prescribed by the Test User Segment Requirements (TUSREQ) document is provided by the receiver.
The unit can be included within a local network to provide remote access for control, monitoring, and/or logging, and supports up to eight parallel TCP/IP connections; or, a direct connection can be made via one of the serial ports.
Receiver Architecture
The main receiver unit consists of three separate boards housed in a standard compact PCI 19-inch rack. See Figure 3 for a high-level architectural overview.
FIGURE 3. Receiver architecture.
A dedicated analog front-end board has been developed to meet the stringent interference requirements. This board contains five RF chains for the L1, E6, E5a/L5, E5b, and E5 signals. Via a switch the E5 signal is either passed through separate filter paths for E5a and E5b or via one wide-band filter for the full E5 signal. The front-end board supports two internal frequency references (OCXO or TCXO) for digital signal processing (DSP).
The DSP board hosts three tracker boards derived from a commercial dual-frequency product family. These boards contain two tracking cores, each with a dedicated fast-acquisition unit (FAU), 13 generic dual-code channels, and a 13-channel hardware Viterbi decoder. One tracking core interacts with an AES unit to decrypt the E6 Commercial Service carrier; it has a throughput of 149 Mbps.
Each FAU combines a matched filter with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and can verify up to 8 million code-frequency hypotheses per second. Each of the six tracker cores can be connected with one of the three or four incoming IF streams. To simplify operational use of the receiver, two channel-mapping files have been defined to configure the receiver either for a 5-frequency 13-channel Galileo receiver, or for a dual-frequency 26-channel Galileo/GPS/SBAS receiver. Figure 4 shows all five Galileo signal types being tracked for nine visible satellites at the same time.
FIGURE 4. C/N0 plot with nine satellites and all five Galileo signal types: L1BC (green), E6BC (blue), E5a (red), E5b (yellow), and E5 Altboc (purple).
The receiver is controlled using a COTS CPU board that also hosts the main positioning and integrity algorithms. The processing power and available memory of this CPU board is significantly higher than what is normally available in commercial receivers. Consequently there is no problem in supporting the large Nequick model used for single-frequency ionosphere correction, and achieving the 10-Hz update rate and low latency requirements when running the computationally intensive Galileo integrity algorithms. For commercial receivers that are normally optimized for size and power consumption, these might prove more challenging.
The TUR project included development of three types of Galileo antennas:
a triple-band (L1, E6, E5) high-end antenna for fixed base station applications including a choke ring;
a triple-band (L1, E6, E5) reference antenna for rover applications;
a dual-band (L1, E5b) aeronautic antenna for SOL applications
Figure 5 shows an overview of the main interfaces and functional blocks of the receiver, together with its antenna and a host computer to run the MCA software either remotely or locally connected.
FIGURE 5. TUR-N with antenna and host computer.
Receiver Verification
Currently, the TUR-N is undergoing an extensive testing program. In order to fully qualify the receiver to act as a reference for the validation of the Galileo system, some challenges have to be overcome. The first challenge that is encountered is that the performance verification baseline is mainly defined in terms of global system performance. The translation of these global requirements derived from the Galileo system requirements (such as global availability, accuracy, integrity and continuity, time-to-first/precise-fix) into testable parameters for a receiver (for example, signal acquisition time, C/N0 versus elevation, and so on) is not trivial. System performances must be fulfilled in the worst user location (WUL), defined in terms of dynamics, interference, and multipath environment geometry, and SV-user geometry over the Galileo global service area.
A second challenge is the fact that in the absence of an operational Galileo constellation, all validation tests need to be done in a completely simulated environment. First, it is difficult to assess exactly the level of reality that is necessary for the various models of the navigation data quality, the satellite behaviour, the atmospheric propagation effects, and the local environmental effects. But the main challenge is that not only the receiver that is being verified, also the simulator and its configuration are an integral part of the verification. It is thus an early experience of two independent implementations of the Galileo signal-in-space ICD being tested together. At the beginning of the campaign, there was no previously demonstrated or accepted test reference.
Only the combined efforts of the various receiver developments benchmarked against the same simulators together with pre-launch compatibility tests with the actual satellite payload and finally IOV and FOC field test campaigns will ultimately validate the complete system, including the Galileo ground and space segments together with a limited set of predefined user segment configurations. (Previously some confidence was gained with GIOVE-A/B experimental satellites and a breadboard adapted version of TUR-N). The TUR-N was the first IOV-compatible receiver to be tested successfully for RF compatibility with the Galileo engineering model satellite payload.
Key Performances
Receiver requirements, including performance, are defined in the TUSREQ document.
Antenna and Interference. A key TUSREQ requirement focuses on receiver robustness against interference. It has proven quite a challenge to meet the prescribed interference mask for all user configurations and antenna types while keeping many other design parameters such as gain, noise figure, and physical size in balance. For properly testing against the out-of-band interference requirements, it also proved necessary to carefully filter out increased noise levels created by the interference signal generator.
Table 2 gives an overview of the measured values for the most relevant Antenna Front End (AFE) parameters for the three antenna types. Note: Asymmetry in the AFE is defined as the variation of the gain around the centre frequency in the passband. This specification is necessary to preserve the correlation peak shape, mainly of the PRS signals.
The gain for all antenna front ends and frequencies is around 32 dB. Figures 6 and 7 give an example of the measured E5 RHCP radiating element gain and axial ratio against theta (the angle of incidence with respect to zenith) for the high-end antenna-radiating element. Thus, elevation from horizontal is 90-theta.
FIGURE 6. High-end antenna E5 RHCP gain.
FIGURE 7. High-end antenna E5 axial ratio.
UERE Performance. As part of the test campaign, TUR performance has been measured for user equivalent range error (UERE) components due to thermal noise and multipath.
TUSREQ specifies the error budget as a function of elevation, defined in tables at the following elevations: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90 degrees. The elevation dependence of tracking noise is immediately linked to the antenna gain pattern; the antenna-radiating element gain profiles were measured on the actual hardware and loaded to the Radio Frequency Constellation Simulator (RFCS), one file per frequency and per antenna scenario. The RFCS signal was passed through the real antenna RF front end to the TUR. As a result, through the configuration of RFCS, real environmental conditions (in terms of C/N0) were emulated in factory.
The thermal noise component of the UERE budget was measured without multipath being applied, and interference was allowed for by reducing the C/N0 by 3 dB from nominal. Separately, the multipath noise contribution was determined based on TUSREQ environments, using RFCS to simulate the multipath (the multipath model configuration was adapted to RFCS simulator multipath modeling capabilities in compliance with TUSREQ). To account for the fact that multipath is mostly experienced on the lower elevation satellites, results are provided with scaling factors applied for elevation (“weighted”), and without scaling factors (“unweighted”). In addition, following TUSREQ requirements, a carrier smoothing filter was applied with 10 seconds convergence time.
Figure 8 shows the C/N0 profile from the reference antenna with nominal power reduced by 3 dB. Figure 9 shows single-carrier thermal noise performance without multipath, whereas Figure 10 shows thermal noise with multipath. Each of these figures includes performance for five different carriers: L1BC, E6BC, E5a, E5b, and E5 AltBOC, and the whole set is repeated for dual-frequency combinations (Figure 11 and Figure 12).
FIGURE 8. Reference antenna, power nominal-3 dB, C/N0 profile.
FIGURE 9. Reference antenna, power nominal-3 dB, thermal noise only, single frequency.
FIGURE 10. Reference antenna, power nominal-3 dB, thermal noise with multipath, single frequency.
FIGURE 11. Reference antenna, power nominal-3 dB, thermal noise only, dual frequency.
FIGURE 12. Reference antenna, power nominal-3 dB, thermal noise with multipath, dual frequency.
The plots show that the thermal noise component requirements are easily met, whereas there is some limited non-compliance on noise+multipath (with weighted multipath) at low elevations. The tracking noise UERE requirements on E6BC are lower than for E5a, due to assumption of larger bandwidth at E6BC (40MHz versus 20MHz). Figures 9 and 10 refer to UERE tables 2 and 9 of TUSREQ. The relevant UERE requirement for this article is TUSREQ table 2 (satellite-only configuration). TUSREQ table 9 is for a differential configuration that is not relevant here.
UERRE Performance. The complete single-frequency range-rate error budget as specified in TUSREQ was measured with the RFCS, using a model of the reference antenna. The result in Figure 13 shows compliance.
FIGURE 13. UERRE measurements.
FIGURE 14. L1 GPS CA versus E5 AltBOC position accuracy (early test result).
Position Accuracy. One of the objectives of the TUR-N is to demonstrate position accuracy. In Figure 14 an example horizontal scatter plot of a few minutes of data shows a clear distinction between the performances of two different single-frequency PVT solutions: GPS L1CA in purple and E5AltBOC in blue. The red marker is the true position, and the grid lines are separated at 0.5 meters. The picture clearly shows how the new E5AltBOC signal produces a much smoother position solution than the well-known GPS L1CA code. However, these early results are from constellation simulator tests without the full TUSREQ worst-case conditions applied.
FIGURE 14. L1 GPS CA versus E5 AltBOC position accuracy (early test result).
The defined TUSREQ user environments, the basis for all relevant simulations and tests, are detailed in Table 3. In particular, the rural pedestrian multipath environment appears to be very stringent and a performance driver.
This was already identified at an early stage during simulations of the total expected UERE and position accuracy performance compliance with regard to TUSREQ, summarized in Table 4, and is now confirmed with the initial verification tests in Figure 10. UERE (simulated) total includes all other expected errors (ionosphere, troposphere, ODTS/BGD error, and so on) in addition to the thermal noise and multipath, whereas the previous UERE plots were only for selected UERE components. The PVT performance in the table is based on service volume (SV) simulations.
The non-compliances on position accuracy that were predicted by simulations are mainly in the rural pedestrian environment. According to the early simulations:
E5a and E5b were expected to have 43-meter vertical accuracy (instead of 35-meter required).
L1/E5a and L1/E5b dual-frequency configurations were expected to have 5-meter horizontal, 12-meter vertical accuracy (4 and 8 required).
These predictions appear pessimistic related to the first position accuracy results shown in Table 5. On single frequency, the error is dominated by ionospheric delay uncertainty. These results are based on measurements using the RFCS and modeling the user environment; however, the simulation of a real receiver cannot be directly compared to service-volume simulation results, as a good balance between realism and worst-case conditions needs to be found. Further optimization is needed on the RFCS scenarios and on position accuracy pass/fail criteria to account for DOP variations and the inability to simulate worst environmental conditions continuously.
Further confirmations on Galileo UERE and position accuracy performances are expected after the site verifications (with RFCS) are completed, and following IOV and FOC field-test campaigns.
Acquisition. Figure 15 gives an example of different signal-acquisition times that can be achieved with the TUR-N after the receiver boot process has been completed. Normally, E5 frequencies lock within 3 seconds, and four satellites are locked within 10 seconds for all frequencies. This is based on an unaided (or free) search using a FAU in single-frequency configurations, in initial development test without full TUSREQ constraints.
FIGURE 15. Unaided acquisition performance.
When a signal is only temporarily lost due to masking, and the acquisition process is still aided (as opposed to free search), the re-acquisition time is about 1 second, depending on the signal strength and dynamics of the receiver. When the PVT solution is lost, the aiding process will time out and return to free search to be robust also for sudden user dynamics.
More complete and detailed time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and time-to-precise-fix (TTPF), following TUSREQ definitions, have also been measured.
In cold start the receiver has no prior knowledge of its position or the navigation data, whereas in warm start it already has a valid ephemeris in memory (more details on start conditions are available in TUSREQ). Table 6 shows that the acquisition performances measured are all compliant to TUSREQ except for warm start in E5a single frequency and in the integrity configurations. However, when the navigation/integrity message recovery time is taken off the measurement (as now agreed for updated TUSREQ due to message limitations), these performances also become compliant.
Specific examples of statistics gathered are shown in figures 16–21, these examples being for dual-frequency (E5b+L1) with integrity configuration. The outliers, being infrequent results with high acquisition times, are still compliant with the maximum TTFF/TTPF requirements, but are anyway under further investigation.
FIGURE 16. TTFF cold-start performance, dual frequency with integrity E5b+L1.
FIGURE 17. TTFF cold-start distribution, dual frequency with integrity E5b+L1.
FIGURE 18. TTPF cold-start performance, dual frequency with integrity E5b+L1.
FIGURE 19. TTPF cold-start distribution, dual frequency with integrity E5b+L1.
FIGURE 20. TTFF warm-start performance, dual frequency with integrity E5b+L1.
FIGURE 21. TTFF warm-start distribution, dual frequency with integrity E5b+L1,
Integrity Algorithms. The Galileo SoL service is based on a fairly complex processing algorithm that determines not only the probability of hazardous misleading information (PHMI) based on the current set of satellites used in the PVT computation (HPCA), but also takes into consideration the PHMI that is achieved when one of the satellites used in the current epoch of the PVT computation is unexpectedly lost within the following 15 seconds. PHMI is computed according to alarm limits that are configurable for different application/service levels. These integrity algorithms have been closely integrated into the PVT processing routines, due to commonality between most processing steps.
Current test results of the navigation warning algorithm (NWA) indicate that less than 10 milliseconds of processing time is required for a full cycle of the integrity algorithms (HPCA+CSPA) on the TUR-N internal CPU board. Latency of the availability of the integrity alert information in the output of the receiver after it was transmitted by the satellite has been determined to be below 400 milliseconds. At a worst-case data output rate of 10 Hz this can only be measured in multiples of 100 millisecond periods. The total includes 100 milliseconds of travel time of the signal in space and an estimated 250 milliseconds of internal latency for data-handling steps as demodulation, authentication, and internal communication to make the data available to the integrity processing.
Conclusions
The TUR-N is a fully flexible receiver that can verify many aspects of the Galileo system, or as a demonstrator for Galileo/GPS/SBAS combined operation. It has a similar user interface to commercial receivers and the flexibility to accommodate Galileo system requirements evolutions as foreseen in the FOC phase without major design changes.
The receiver performance is in general compliant with the requirements. For the important safety-of-life configuration, major performance requirements are satisfied in terms of acquisition time and position accuracy.
The receiver prototype is currently operational and undergoing its final verification and qualification, following early confirmations of compatibility with the RFCS and with the Galileo satellite payload.
Manufacturers
TUR-N was developed by Septentrio Satellite Navigation, with the participation of Orban Microwave Products, Deimos Space, and QinetiQ.
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Honeywell 1321cn-gt-1 ac adapter 16.5vac 25va used class 2 not w.ault sw305 ac adapter 12vdc 0.8a -12v 0.4a +5v 2a 17w used power,liteon ppp009l ac adapter 18.5v dc 3.5a 65w laptop hp compaq,li shin 0226a19150 ac adapter 19vdc 7.89a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240.globtek gt-41076-0609 ac adapter 9vdc 0.66a used -(+)- cable plu,armaco ba2424 ac adapter 24vdc 200ma used 117v 60hz 10w power su,dell aa90pm111 ac adapter 19.5v dc 4.62a used 1x5x5.2mm-(+)-.compaq adp-50sb ac dc adapter 18.5v 2.8a power supply,bell phones u090050d ac dc adapter 9v 500ma class 2 power supply.dell zvc65n-18.5-p1 ac dc adapter 18.5v 3.a 50-60hz ite power,ibm 02k7085 ac adapter 16vdc 7.5a 120w 4pin 10mm female used 100.sony ac-l25a ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.7a 3 pin connector charger ac-l,black & decker mod 4 ac adapter dc 6v used power supply 120v.delta ga240pe1-00 ac ddapter 19.5vdc 12.3a used 5x7.4mm dell j21,tiger power tg-4201-15v ac adapter 15vdc 3a -(+) 2x5.5mm 45w 100,ad1805c acadapter 5.5vdc 3.8a -(+) 1.2x3.5mm power supply,4312a ac adapter 3.1vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.5x0.7x4.6mm round barr.lg lcap37 ac adapter 24vdc 3.42a used -(+) 1x4.1x5.9mm 90° round.codi a03002 ac adapter 20vac 3.6a used 3 pin square auto/air pow.dell fa90pm111 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a -(+)- 1x5x7.4x12.8mm.energizer saw-0501200 ac adapter 5vd used 2 x 4 x 9 mm straight,sony pcga-ac19v9 ac adapter 19.5vdc 7.7a used -(+) 3.1x6.5x9.4mm.akii techa25b1-05mb ac adapter +5vdc 5a power supply,bestec ea0061waa ac adapter +12vdc 0.5a 6w used 2 x 5 x 10mm.goldfear ac adapter 6v 500ma cellphone power supply.li shin lse0107a1230 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2.1x5.5mm m.5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.gsp gscu1500s012v18a ac adapter 12vdc 1.5a used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm,pega nintendo wii blue light charge station 420ma,at&t tp-m ac adapter 9vac 780ma used ~(~) 2x5.5x11mm round barre,toshiba adp-75sb ab ac dc adapter 19v 3.95a power supply,shindengen za12002gn ac adapter 12v 2a ite power supply.yl5u ac adapter 12vdc 200ma -(+) rf connecter used 0.05x9.4mm.dtmf controlled home automation system,hh-stc001a 5vdc 1.1a used travel charger power supply 90-250vac,nyko mtp051ul-050120 ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a used -(+)- 1.5 x 3.6 x,department of computer scienceabstract.ault sw172 ac adapter +12vdc 2.75a used 3pin female medical powe.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.braun 3 709 ac adapter dc 1.3w class 2 power supply plug in char,akii a05c1-05mp ac adapter +5vdc 1.6a used 3 x 5.5 x 9.4mm.shun shing dc12500f ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x8mm r,mobile jammer seminar report with ppt and pdf jamming techniques type 'a' device.Anoma aec-n3512i ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used 2x5.5x11mm -(+)-,military/insurgency communication jamming.are suitable means of camouflaging.pdf mobile phone signal jammer.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max.one is the light intensity of the room.sony adp-120mb ac adapter 19.5vdc 6.15a used -(+) 1x4.5x6.3mm,toshiba pa3201u-1aca ac adaptor 15v 5a 1800 a50 5005 m5 r200 lap.so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements.replacement pa-1700-02 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used straight round,hp 324815-001 ac adapter 18.5v 4.9a 90w ppp012l power supply for.signal jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,sunny sys2011-6019 ac adapter 19v 3.15a switching power supply.aciworld 48-7.5-1200d ac adapter 7.5v dc 1200ma power supply.oem ad-0650 ac adapter 6vdc 500ma used -(+) 1.5x4mm round barrel,religious establishments like churches and mosques,ati eadp-20fb a ac adapter 5vdc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm new delta elec.toshiba p015rw05300j01 ac adapter 5vdc 3a used -(+) 1.5x4x9.4mm.ibm 73p4502 ac adapter 16vdc 0 - 4.55a 72w laptop power supply,sony ericsson 316ams43001 ac adapter 5v dc 400ma -(+)- 0.5x2.5mm,sony ac-v500 ac adapter 6.5vdc 1.5a 8.4v dc 1.1a charger power s,impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.eng 3a-154wp05 ac adapter 5vdc 2.6a -(+) used 2 x 5.4 x 9.5mm st,archer 273-1455 ac adapter used 9vdc 300ma -(+) 2x5.5x10mm.rayovac ps1 ac adapter 2vdc 200ma used battery cell power charge,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter.ar 48-15-800 ac dc adapter 15v 800ma 19w class 2 transformer,fj fj-sw1203000t ac adapter 12vdc 3000ma used -(+) shielded wire,rocketfish mobile rf-mic90 ac adapter 5vdc 0.6a used.a cell phone signal jammer (or mobile phone jammer ) is a device used to disrupt communication signals between mobile phones and their base stations,thomson 5-2608 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm round b,sunny sys1308-2424-w2 ac adapter 24vdc 0.75a used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm.sanyo spa-3545a-82 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used +(-) 2x5.5x13mm 9,top global wrg20f-05ba ac adapter 5vdc 4a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm used,the ground control system (ocx) that raytheon is developing for the next-generation gps program has passed a pentagon review.dell adp-90fb ac adapter pa-9 20v 4.5a used 4-pin din connector,samsung aa-e8 ac adapter 8.4vdc 1a camcorder digital camera camc,pentax battery charger d-bc7 for optio 555's pentax d-li7 lithiu,koss d48-09-1200 ac adapter 9v dc 1200ma used +(-)+ 2x5.4mm 120v.videonow dc car adapter 4.5vdc 350ma auto charger 12vdc 400ma fo,replacement lac-sn195v100w ac adapter 19.5v 5.13a 100w used,panasonic re7-27 ac adapter 5vdc 4a used shaver power supply 100,recoton ad300 ac adapter universal power supply,cisco aa25-480l ac adapter 48vdc 0.38a -(+)- 100-240vac 2.5x5.5m.
Daveco ad-116-12 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used 2.1 x 5.4 x 10.6 mm,liteon pa-1300-04 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a laptop's power supply f,it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region.power-win pw-062a2-1y12a ac adapter 12vdc 5.17a 62w 4pin power.950-950015 ac adapter 8.5v 1a power supply.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.radioshack 273-1695 ac adapter 3,5,6,6.5vdc 2.5a digital camera.symbol stb4278 used multi-interface charging cradle 6vdc 0660ma,energizer fps005usc-050050 white ac adapter 5vdc 0.5a used 2x4, https://disqus.com/by/zerozhang/about/ .anoma electric aec-4130 ac adapter 3vdc 350ma used 2x5.5x9.5mm,jvc ga-22au ac camera adapter 14v dc 1.1a power supply moudule f,macintosh m3037 ac adapter 24vdc 1.87a 45w powerbook mac laptop.lionville 7567 ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm 120vac 2,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,palm plm05a-050 ac adapter 5vdc 1a power supply for palm pda do,aironet ad1280-7-544 ac adapter 12vdc 800ma power supply for med.nintendo ds dsi car adapter 12vdc 4.6vdc 900ma used charger bric,li shin 0317a19135 ac adapter 19vdc 7.1a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-2,pdf portable mobile cell phone signal jammer,samsung pscv420102a ac adapter 14vdc 3a power supply,it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication,liteon pa-1900-08hn ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a 90w used,ryobi p113 ac adapter 18vdc used lithium ion battery charger p10.this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,analog vision puae602 ac adapter 5v 12vdc 2a 5pin 9mm mini din p.dve dsa-9w-09 fus 090100 ac adapter 9vdc 1a used 1.5x4mm dvd pla.kodak mpa7701l ac adapter 24vdc 1.8a easyshare dock printer 6000,ibm 02k6665 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a use-(+) 2.5x5.5mm power supply.premium power pa3083u-1aca ac adapter 15v dc 5a power supply,lenovo 92p1160 ac adapter 20v 3.25a power supply 65w for z60,edacpower ea10953 ac adapter 24vdc 4.75a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240v,hon-kwang hk-h5-a12 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240va.audiovox cnr505 ac adapter 7vdc 700ma used 1 x 2.4 x 9.5mm.ad41-0900500du ac adapter 9vdc 500ma power supply,2100 to 2200 mhzoutput power,sector 5814207 ac adapter +5vdc 2a 5.4va used -(+) 1.5x2.5x9.8mm.selectable on each band between 3 and 1,gross margin and forecast to 2027 research report by absolute reports published,whether in town or in a rural environment.cincon trg70a240 ac adapter 24vdc 3a used 2.5x5.5mm -(+)- round.philishave 4203 030 76580 ac adapter 2.3vdc 100ma new 2 pin fema,cisco systems adp-33ab ac adapter +5v +12v -12v dc 4a 1a 100ma,max station xk-09-1041152 ac adapter 22.5v 2.67a power supply.
Black and decker etpca-180021u2 ac adapter 26vdc 210ma class 2.p-106 8 cell charging base battery charger 9.6vdc 1.5a 14.4va us,phihong psa18r-120p ac adapter 12vdc 1.5a 5.5x2.1mm 2prong us.transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,sony ac-e455b ac adapter 4.5vdc 500ma used -(+) 1.4x4x9mm 90° ro,baknor bk 1250-a 9025e3p ac adapter 12vdc 0.5a 10w used -(+) 2x5,tdp ep-119/ktc-339 ac adapter 12vac 0.93amp used 2.5x5.5x9mm rou,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses.finecom hk-a310-a05 uk 510 charger 5vdc 3a +(-) 2x5.5mm replacem,and 41-6-500r ac adapter 6vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9.4mm round,soneil 2403srd ac adapter +24vdc 1.5a 36w 3pin 11mm redel max us,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations.gnt ksa-1416u ac adapter 14vdc 1600ma used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round,hp 0957-2304 ac adapter 32v 12vdc 1094ma/250ma used ite class 2,acbel api3ad01 ac adapter 19vdc 6.3a 3x6.5mm -(+) used power sup.d-link af1805-a ac adapter 5vdc 2.5a3 pin din power supply,a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals.intermec ea10722 ac adapter 15-24v 4.3a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 75w i.t.e,edac ea10523c-120 ac adapter 12vdc 5a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 11mm,jhs-e02ab02-w08a ac adapter 5v 12vdc 2a used 6pin din power supp,astrodyne spu15a-102 ac adapter 5v 2.4a switching power supply.condor dv-51aat ac dc adapter 5v 1a power supply,the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation,olympus li-40c li-ion battery charger 4.2vdc 200ma for digital c,bellsouth dv-1250 ac adapter 12vdc 500ma power supply.condor ps146 100-0086-001b ac adapter 17vctac 0.7a used 4pin atx,panasonic bq-345a ni-mh battery charger 2.8v 320ma 140max2,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.mobile phone jammer blocks both receiving and transmitting signal,conair 0326-4108-11 ac adapter 1.2v 2a power supply.canon a20630n ac adapter 6vdc 300ma 5w ac-360 power supply.universal power supply ctcus-5.3-0.4 ac adapter 5.3vdc 400ma use,konica minolta ac-6l ac-6le ac adapter 3vdc 2a -(+) 90° 0.6x2.4m,ault inc 7712-305-409e ac adapter 5vdc 0.6a +12v 0.2a 5pin power.slk-0705 ac adapter 4.5vdc 300ma +(-) 1.2x3.5mm cellphone charge,power rider sf41-0600800du ac adapter 6vdc 800ma used 2 pin mole.rocketfish nsa6eu-050100 ac adapter 5vdc 1a used usb connector s,condor 48-12-1200 ac adapter 12vdc 1200ma used 2.5x5.5x11.4mm,dve dsa-31s fus 5050 ac adapter+5v dc 0.5a new -(+) 1.4x3.4x9..dve dsa-12g-12 fus 120120 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 90° 2x5.,shanghai dy121-120010100 ac adapter 12v dc 1a used -(+) cut wire.soneil 2403srm30 ac adapter +24vdc 1.5a used cut wire battery ch.sharp uadp-0165gezz battery charger 6vdc 2a used ac adapter can,hipro hp-a0904a3 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a 90w used -(+)- 2x5.5mm 9.
5g modules are helping accelerate the iot’s development.apple a10003 ipod ac adapter 12vdc 1a used class 2 power supply,tc-06 ac adapter dc 5v-12v travel charger for iphone ipod cond,car adapter 7.5v dc 600ma for 12v system with negative chassis g,cisco adp-15vb ac adapter 3.3v dc 4550ma -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° 100-.bk-aq-12v08a30-a60 ac adapter 12vdc 8300ma -(+) used 2x5.4x10mm,belkin utc001-b usb power adapter 5vdc 550ma charger power suppl.nikon eh-64 ac adapter 4.8vdc 1.5a -(+) power supply for coolpix,ault t57-182200-a010g ac adapter 18vac 2200ma used ~(~) 2x5.5mm.read some thoughts from the team behind our journey to the very top of the module industry,the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.dell adp-90ah b ac adapter c8023 19.5v 4.62a power supply,finecom ah-v420u ac adapter 12v 2.5a power supply,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0,the vehicle must be available,umec up0451e-15p ac adapter 15vdc 3a 45w like new -(+)- 2x5.5mm.chd dpx411409 ac adapter 4.5vdc 600ma class 2 transformer.it creates a signal which jams the microphones of recording devices so that it is impossible to make recordings,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,specialix 00-100000 ac adapter 12v 0.3a rio rita power supply un,a retired police officer and certified traffic radar instructor.ts30g car adapter 16.2v dc 2.6a 34w used ac adapter 3-pin,ge nu-90-5120700-i2 ac adapter 12v dc 7a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-2,hp ppp017h ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a 120w used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm stra.nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key.kenwood w08-0657 ac adapter 4.5vdc 600ma used -(+) 1.5x4x9mm 90°,plantronics u093040d ac adapter 9vdc 400ma -(+)- 2x5.5mm 117vac,auto no break power supply control.oem ads18b-w120150 ac adapter 12vdc 1.5a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm i.t.e.,almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,compaq pp007 ac adapter 18.5vdc 2.7a used -(+)- 1.7x4.8mm auto c,.